Lexurgy SC

Example Sound Changes

Input Words

mɨw
mɨwmɨw
zew
zewzew
ʀɑh
læm
qæx
wɨj
bɨn
jɑʀ
həm
həmhəm
sɑjs
sɑjs-kɨs
sɑjs-jælh
sɑjs-nəm
sɑjs-bɨn
sɑjs-wɨ
meʀ
meʀ-bɨn
meʀ-læm
tæn-wɨ
tæn-læm
həm-bɨn
kɨs-læm
kɨs-læmkɨs
kɨs-læmjælh
kɨs-læmnəm
nəm-bɨn
jælh-həm
ɨx
ɨx-qæ
ɨx-həm
kæn-zew
dɨjs-zew
dɨjs-zewɨ
dɨjs-zewkɨs
dɨjs-zewjælh
dɨjs-zewnəm
dɨjs-ben
dɨjs-benɨ
dɨjs-benkɨs
dɨjs-benjælh
dɨjs-bennəm
dɨjs-jɑ
dɨjs-jɑʀɨ
dɨjs-jɑkɨs
dɨjs-jɑjælh
dɨjs-jɑnəm
qæʀ
qæʀ-mɨ
qoz
tæwx
zoh
ɨq
zoh-mɨz-ɨq
zoh-mɨj-ɨq
an
an-ɨ
an-kɨs
an-jælh
an-nəm
ro
ro-ɨ
ro-kɨs
ro-jælh
ro-nəm
sæh
sæh-ɨ
sæh-kɨs
sæh-jælh
sæh-nəm
xɨ
xɨ-ɨ
xɨ-kɨs
xɨ-jælh
xɨ-nəm
zoh-an-s-ɨq
oq
baj
həmoq
wɨjoq
bɨnbaj
jɑʀbɑj
læmoq
qæxoq
mɨw-ɨ
zew-ɨ
ʀɑh-ɨ
læmoq-ɨ
qæxoq-ɨ
wɨjoq-ɨ
bɨnbaj-ɨ
baj-ɨ
həmoq-ɨ
mɨw-kɨs
zew-kɨs
ʀɑh-kɨs
læmoq-kɨs
qæxoq-kɨs
wɨjoq-kɨs
bɨnbaj-kɨs
baj-kɨs
həmoq-kɨs
mɨw-jælh
zew-jælh
ʀɑh-jælh
læmoq-jælh
qæxoq-jælh
wɨjoq-jælh
bɨnbaj-jælh
baj-jælh
həmoq-jælh
mɨw-nəm
zew-nəm
ʀɑh-nəm
læmoq-nəm
qæxoq-nəm
wɨjoq-nəm
bɨnbaj-nəm
baj-nəm
həmoq-nəm
mæw-mɨw-ɨ
zew-zew-ɨ
mæw-ʀɑh-ɨ
kɨs-læm-ɨ
ɨx-qæx-ɨ
tæn-wɨj-ɨ
meʀ-bɨn-ɨ
dɨjs-jɑʀ-ɨ
jælh-həm-ɨ
mæw-mɨw-kɨs
zew-zew-kɨs
mæw-ʀɑh-kɨs
kɨs-læm-kɨs
ɨx-qæx-kɨs
tæn-wɨj-kɨs
meʀ-bɨn-kɨs
dɨjs-jɑʀ-kɨs
jælh-həm-kɨs
mæw-mɨw-jælh
zew-zew-jælh
mæw-ʀɑh-jælh
kɨs-læm-jælh
ɨx-qæx-jælh
tæn-wɨj-jælh
meʀ-bɨn-jælh
dɨjs-jɑʀ-jælh
jælh-həm-jælh
mæw-mɨw-nəm
zew-zew-nəm
mæw-ʀɑh-nəm
kɨs-læm-nəm
ɨx-qæx-nəm
tæn-wɨj-nəm
meʀ-bɨn-nəm
dɨjs-jɑʀ-nəm
jælh-həm-nəm

Sound ChangesLine 1

Feature +nasalized
Feature +long
Feature +rootend, +suffix
Diacritic  ̃ (floating) [+nasalized]
Diacritic ̩  (floating) [+suffix]
Diacritic ː (floating) [+long]
Diacritic \- (floating) [+rootend]

Symbol t͡s, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ

Class nonlow {ə, i, y, ɨ, u, e}
Class nonhigh {æ, ɑ, ø}
Class vowel {i, y, ɨ, u, e, ø, ə, o, ɛ, œ, ɔ, æ, ɑ}
Class stop {p, b, t, d, k, ɡ, q, ɢ}
Class frequickative {θ, x, ɣ, χ, h, ɦ}
Class fricative {s, z, t͡s, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ, ʒ, @frequickative}
Class nasal {m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɴ}
Class rhotic {r, ʀ}
Class liquid {@rhotic, l, ʎ}
Class approximant {j, w, @liquid}
Class voiced {b, d, z, ɣ, ɦ, @nasal, @approximant}
Class consonant {@stop, @fricative, @nasal, @approximant}

# These are the protolanguage phonemes
Class proto {b, t, d, k, q, s, z, x, h, w, l, r, j, ʀ, m, n, ɨ, e, ə, o, æ, ɑ}

deromanizer:
 a => ɑ
 ǝ => ə
 i => ɨ
 y => j
 Then:
 @vowel => [+suffix] / [+rootend] []* _
 Then:
 [+rootend] => [-rootend]

# This verifies that the proto-words are well-formed
Syllables:
 (@consonant&@proto)? @vowel&@proto {(@approximant&@proto) ({@nasal, @fricative}&@proto), @consonant&@proto}?

Syllables:
 @consonant? @vowel {@approximant {@nasal, @fricative}, @consonant}?

nasal-assimilation:
    @nasal => m / _ {m, w, b}
    @nasal => n / _ {t, d, s, z, l, r, n}
    @nasal => ɲ / _ j
    @nasal => ŋ / _ {k, x}
    @nasal => ɴ / _ {q, ʀ}

central-vowel-assimilation:
    ə => ɨ / _ {l, r} @consonant? .
    ɨ => ə / _ ʀ @consonant? .

pre-liquid-lowering:
    {e, o} => {ɛ, ɔ} / _ @liquid @consonant? .

low-mid-vowel-merger:
    æ => ɛ / _ @liquid @consonant? .

loss-of-coda-l:
    @vowel l => [+long] * / _ @consonant .

liquid-assimilation:
    rl => rl
    @liquid => $1 / _ @liquid$1

voicing-assimilization ltr:
    {s, x, h}$1 => {z, ɣ, ɦ} / {@voiced _, _ {b, d, @nasal, @approximant}} // {$1 _, _ $1}
    z => s / {{t, k, q, s} _, _ {t, k, q}}

loss-of-coda-h:
    {h, ɦ} => * / @consonant _ .

the-might-of-r:
    {@nasal, @frequickative} => $1 / @rhotic$1 _ .

Syllables:
 @consonant? @vowel @approximant? @consonant?

further-r-mightiness:
    {ɦ, ɣ} => ʀ / {ʀ _, _ ʀ}

the-might-of-gh:
    {r, l} => ɣ / _ ɣ

stop-devoicing:
    {b, d} => {p, t} / {{t, k, q} _, _ {t, k, q}}

vowel-glide-merger:
    {ɨ, e, ə, o, ɑ} w => {u, ø, o, u, o} * / _ @consonant? .
    {ɨ, e, æ, ə, o} j => {i, i, e, e, y} * / _ @consonant? .

post-glide-central-vowel-annihilation:
    {wɨ, jɨ} => {wu, ji}

palatalization:
    {t, d, s, z, r, l, ɲ} j => {t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ, ʒ, ʒ, ʎ, ɲ} *

glottal-deletion:
    @vowel ɦ => [+long] * / _ @consonant? .
    ɦ => *
    h => * / @fricative _
    {t, k, q} h => {θ, x, χ} *

vowel-lowering-backing:
    {i, y, ɨ, u, e, ø, ə, o, æ} => {e, ø, ə, o, ɛ, œ, ɑ, ɔ, ɑ} / {{q, χ, ʀ} _, _ {q, χ, ʀ} @consonant? .}

pre-nasal-neutralization:
    {æ, ɑ, i, y, ɨ, u} => {ɛ, ɔ, e, ø, ə, o} / _ @nasal .

nasalization:
    @vowel @nasal => [+nasalized] * / _ .
    @nasal => * / @vowel {j, w} _ .

nasalization-spreading ltr:
    {æ, ɑ, i, y, ɨ, u, @vowel} => {ɛ̃, ɔ̃, ẽ, ø̃, ə̃, õ, [+nasalized]} / [+nasalized] {j, w, h, ɦ, ʀ, @nasal}* _

loss-of-z:
    zz => tt͡s
    z => t͡s

loss-of-uvular-non-rhotics:
    {q, χ} => {k, x}

long-distance-intervocalic-obstruent-voicing:
    {t, k} / @vowel _ @vowel => {d, ɡ} / $ <syl>*2 []* _

voiced-stop-nasalization:
    {b, d, ɡ} => {m, n, ŋ} / [+nasalized] _

mid-vowel-spread:
    {ɛ, e, ɔ, o, œ, ø}&[-nasalized] => {æ, i, ɑ, u, ø, y}

central-vowel-annihilation:
    {ə, ɨ} => {e, i} / $ @consonant? _

nasal-vowel-merger:
    {ɛ̃, ɔ̃, œ̃} => {ẽ, õ, ø̃}

radical-harmonic-convergence @vowel ltr:
    {ɨ, ə, u, o, ɑ}&[-suffix] => {i, e, y, ø, æ} / {i, y, ø, e, æ} _
    {y, ø, æ, ɨ, ə}&[-suffix] => {u, o, ɑ, u, o} / {u, o, ɑ} _
    i&[-suffix] => y / u _
    # i&[-suffix] => i / ɑ _

vowel-harmony @vowel ltr:
    @vowel&[+nasalized +suffix] => ẽ / {æ, e, i} _
    @vowel&[+nasalized +suffix] => ø̃ / {ø, y} _
    @vowel&[+nasalized +suffix] => õ / {u, o, ɑ} _
    # Non-low
    @nonlow&[+suffix] => e / {æ, e} _
    @nonlow&[+suffix] => i / {i} _
    @nonlow&[+suffix] => ø / {ø} _
    @nonlow&[+suffix] => y / {y} _
    @nonlow&[+suffix] => o / {o, ɑ} _
    @nonlow&[+suffix] => u / {u} _
    # Non-high
    @nonhigh&[+suffix] => æ / {æ} _
    @nonhigh&[+suffix] => e / {i, y, e, ø} _
    @nonhigh&[+suffix] => ɑ / {ɑ} _
    @nonhigh&[+suffix] => o / {o, u} _

back-voiced-thing-merger:
    ɣ => ʀ

geminate-simplification:
    @consonant$1 => * / @consonant $1 _
    t => * / @consonant _ {t͡s, t͡ʃ}
    d => * / @consonant _ d͡ʒ

nasal-vowel-merger-again:
    ø̃ => ẽ

Syllables:
    clear

romanizer-phonetic:
    unchanged

romanizer:
 [+suffix] => [-suffix]
 Then:
 @vowel&[+long]$1 => $1 $1
 Then:
 [+long] => [-long]
 Then:
 t͡s => ts
 ŋ => ng
 ɡ => g
 {ʀʀ, ʀ, x, θ} => {ggh, gh, kh, th}
 {t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʒ, ɲ, ʎ} => {ch, j, zh, ny, ly}
 {y, ø, æ, ɑ} => {ü, ö, ä, a}
 j => y

Output

Show:InputsStages

Start At Rule

Stop Before Rule

Trace Evolution